Serb Facts – August 2013

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STALIN’S SUMMER OF RAGE

SerB is back from his little summer break, and hasn’t lost his edge when it comes to trolling talking to players.

Recent events in World of Tanks has been dominated by the ‘Stalin’ inscriptions issue. In a nutshell, the EU team removed the Stalin related inscriptions from the in-game store, after protests from those that didn’t get to experience Uncle Joe’s pleasant side e.g. all of Eastern Europe. However, this caused a few problems with Russian Nationalists and Soviet sympathizers who feel that the worlds most infamous Georgian should be present in World of Tanks, even in territories where he didn’t leave a particularly good impression. There were also a fair number of people who said “Meh” to the whole thing.

Thus, forum wars were started and quotes like “Why can you have inscriptions about your mass murdering psychopath and not mine?” were thrown about. So a number of SerB’s (and Wargaming’s) responses this time revolve around this issue. When it comes down to it, there is almost no way Wargaming can put Nazi or Nazi-related inscriptions in their game for legal reasons above all others (that and the Balkenkreuz, not the Swastika, was used on tanks), and Stalin was on the winning side, so that makes it OK to celebrate the memory of a man who killed 20,000,000 people.

In other news, 8.8 is not that far off, and screenshots are appearing of the new Soviet Medium Branch. Again, there is a little controversy with this, as the T54 will not only allow the T62A to be unlocked but also the new Tier X Medium – a first in World of Tanks. It is likely that these branches will be split in the future. SerB states the Object 140 will be different to the T62A, with speed being one of those factors.

Anyway, let’s get on with it. As always, credit goes to SilentStalker over at FTR for the initial translations.

• It’s undecided if Havok effects will be taking place outside a tank’s field of view. In a related note, SerB says they’ll implement the Havok features that the game can handle. There are no specifics on what these might be, but it will synchronize with server physics.
• The Israeli branch is planned but won’t come for the moment.
• The ST-I may lose the M62 122mm gun. This would be replaced with the STII, which used two D-25 guns.
• Soviet tanks didn’t use drum magazines but did use auto-loaders. Authors Note: The T62A did have an auto-loader, the ejection hatch is visible on the turret roof. As a system, it was impractical.
• For the moment, there is no plan to allow players to hide their stats.
• Wargaming specifically measured the Object 268 in Kubinka and the in-game model is the correct dimensions.
• The IS4’s armour slope is correct, but Serb had this to say about Soviet engineering: “That’s because such mistakes were within the factory accuracy limits. One T-28 had one side 15 cm longer than the other and nothing happened.”.
• The Melara M60A1 will not be the Italian Tier X Medium.
• No changes are planned for either the Lowe or KV5.
• When asked about the DL43 Nahuel, SerB says “No comment”.
• The Sherman Firefly turret will contain one loader, not two as some claim it should. SerB insinuates that only Gnomes could fit in the turret with two loaders.
• Question: “Will Panzer II Ausf.J penetration be changed?” SerB says: “Yes, it will be decreased two times”.
• Historical Battles will feature no special tanks for that mode.
• The VK3001P will not recieve 105mm L/52.
• Statistically, the T110E5 is doing fine.
• Historically, the T-50-2 only ever had a 300 horsepower engine.
• The T-50 and T-50-2 hulls shared the same turret ring.
• Question: “What’s the chance of 128mm L/66 appearing in the 2nd German TD line?” SerB says: “The same chance as finding it in serious literature”
• It’s possible the firefighting mechanism change will provide a skill reset for free.
• There are no plans to make the VK3001P a Heavy.
• If additional armour as a module comes to World of Tanks, players will not be able to decide on the thickness.
• It’s possible the VK4502P will be made a Tier VIII and replaced at Tier IX with a Maus Prototype. In related news the VK4502 series will be unified when the hull unification system is added.
• In respect to the Artillery changes, Serb says: “No comment for now”.
• 8.8 will add a Mission interface.
• A language selection menu will be added to the Login screen.
•  L/60 accuracy won’t be buffed.
• There will be no compensation when the engines are removed from the Panther series.
• There is no plan to allow more than one player to use the same name.
• When asked about players playing the same map over and over, SerB says: “How terrible”.
• Historical Battles will use the current set of maps. New maps are also being made which will be available for both game modes.
• SerB gives his opinion on Cybersports: “My attitude towards cybersports was posted earlier (he’s not keen on supporting it, but it’s a business object so does), but for happy/unhappy, you’d have to ask the cybersport guys”.
• New branches will be added similar to the existing ones which finish at Tier IV or V.
• The Object 430U and Postwar Soviet Light Tanks are not planned for now.
• The BMP is not planned.
• If the E50 and E50M are unified, they’ll be Tier X and have a choice of hull and transmission placement.
• Question: “The WG policy was to compensate for lost modules, for example the T-28 and SU-85 guns, why did you change it?” SerB says: “In your own game, you can give people free stuff as much as you want”.
• SerB states that, as far as he’s aware, the SU-122-44 was only armed with the D-25T, but he’s not completely sure at this stage.
• The M-62 was removed from the SU-101 for “a number of reasons”.
• The 107mm ZIS-6 was not considered for the T-44. He cites that the project was scrapped long before the T-44 development started.
• The IS4s top gun is historical however it was only planned, no examples were built.
• The 122mm on the KV-4 is “somewhat historical”.
• Theoretically 107mm ZIS-24 would fit on the KV-5 but it was not planned to use that gun.
• A non-Premium Lowe will not appear in game.
• 2 of the 3 A-44 models will be implemented.
• The T-150 does share the turret with T-220.
• The T-220 using a 107mm gun and 850hp engine will not appear in the game as a regular vehicle.
• The IS with a KV-2 turret mounted on it is a fake.
• Historical Battles, improved graphics, and physics will come next year.
• SerB confirms that the Object 430 will be 3rd Soviet Tier X medium tank.
• Question: “Many players think that the Lorraine is under-powered, will you do something with it?” SerB says: “The opinion of ‘many players’ is very important to us.”
• If necessary, non-historical engines will be removed from other nation’s tanks.
• The Foch will not be nerfed in 8.8.
• One person comes up with the map concept, but many other people work on the creation of the final product.
• There will be no more Ensk type maps.
• In respect to Historical Battles, they are “Working on it, more I will not say”.
• The Soviet Union will not have two higher Tier Mediums.
• “We’ll see” is the response to questions about the ISU-130.
• There will not be Clan Wars reward tanks for all nations, and the SK-105 isn’t one of them.
• When researchable hulls are implemented, not all tanks will get them.
• There were historical variants of T-50 with 57mm and 76mm guns.
• The historical gun for E-25 is the 75mm L/70.
• SerB states that gathering more XP on the T54 than the T69 is just subjective.
• Low Tier scouts have no bonus to do module damage.
• SerB says that unlockable hulls may occur (in the research tree) after the 2nd unlockable suspension.
• SerB states that the 88mm L/56 on the Indienpanzer is historical.
• When asked about the scarcity of SPGs in game, SerB says: “I’ll check it out, but no comment for now.”
• The amount of suspension hit points a tank has depends on the Tier.
• Dents and holes in armor are not related to Havok.
• It’s possible that four man tanks will have the Radio-Man perk moved from the Commander to the loader.
• The WZ-132s top engine is “nearly identical” to the penultimate engine except it has more hit points, so less chance of fire.
• World of Tanks will get a radical graphics improvement, possibly in 2014.
• Tracers will not return to the state they were in 8.5.
• WG will not publish the statistics after the 8.6 SPG changes.
• SerB says the Chieftain Mk.2 is too new for the game. Authors Note: There are at least two tanks newer than the Chieftain Mk.2 already in World of Tanks.
• In many French tanks the Gunner and Loader are the same person, so aiming and loading is not possible. However the design decision was made not to restrict French (or any other nations) tanks if they fall into this category.
• British Tank Destroyers have the same Class camouflage bonus as those of other nations.
• The “winning bonus” for the losing team, announced by Storm, will apply only for “hero” and “legendary” achievements i.e. Kolobanov, Radley-Walters, in addition to Sniper and Steel Wall. The additional bonus is anyone achieving these medals will receive the post match rewards as if they won the battle.

• The Vickers Mk.1 and Mk.2 are not too new for the game and could be added.
• When the VK3001H is move to Tier V, it will be balanced as a sniper.
• In respect to the VK6501H, SerB says “We’ll see”.
• SerB is not entirely sure but he states that at 50% HP a module becomes yellow. Repairs of the module begin at under 20% and the module gets repaired to 20% of its hitpoints.
• SerB says the explosion effect of HEAT on armour is OK.
• SerB states that World of Warplanes has vertical tech trees, because “there are the true oldfags, who don’t recognize new fashion trends”.
• The T-44 is doing fine statistically.
• The original plan for the Soviet Medium branch in 8.8 was going to look like this: At Tier VIII the Object 416, at Tier IX the Object 140 and at Tier X the Object 430. No one liked that the Object 150 would be a Tier IX but the modelling was already underway. A delegation was sent to Kharkov to look for another Tier IX alternative and Object 140 was pushed to Tier X.
• It’s possible that the T-50-2 will return as a hull option for the T-50.
• According to historical documents, the T-50-2s 64km/h speed top speed was historical.
• The T-50-2, T-52 and Object 211 are 3 designations for the same vehicle.
• It is possible wheeled tank destroyers may be added to the game, but it’s not currently planned or will happen any time soon.
• With the exception of the KV-2 and E100, the alpha damage limit for Heavy Tanks is 490; there are other heavy tanks that could pass this limit tho, such as the IS-7 with BL-10.
• Wargaming will implement a tank you want into the game (that it doesn’t want) if you get 300,000 signatures in a petition.
• When captured tanks are introduced, it’s possible that crews from both the nation of origin and the nation that captured the tank can be used as crew.
• Mods that change or add messages to the game will not be banned as they offer no advantage.
• Gold refunds will happen only when the Premium tank is significantly changed, but SerB states that the EULA doesn’t require them to do so.
• It’s possible they will add customized color correction to the game.
• There will be another global reword of the camouflage system.
• The preferential Match Making for newly unlocked vehicles is 3-5 for lower Tiers and 10 for higher Tiers.
• The Tundra map is 1x1km in size.
• CTF modes are not currently planned.
• 8.8 test is not far off!
• The Object 140 did not have an auto-loader but did have a shell ejection system which may be added in the future.
• While the Panthers will lose their non-historical engines, it’s undecided if the Maybach engines mounted in French tanks will meet the same fate. On a related note, there will be no compensation.
• The Type 59 was not removed from the game, because “it was not needed”.
• Customized textures for tanks is currently not planned. Not only would it require a new system to be built, it would also put additional stress on the server load.
• Maps are not modeled on real battlefields.
• The Foch 155 frontal armor too weak? “How terrible…”.
• It is technically possible to add a system where armour is damage and therefor weaker if shot again but its not planned.
• Tanks getting stuck on soft ground is not planned.
• All tank shells in World of Tanks travel the same distance – 700m. The same applies to Artillery shells – 1400m.
• Storm was against the more powerful engine for the KV-220.
• The second bridge on Pearl River will not be changed.
• No new crew skills or perks in 2013.
• The VK3001H in 8.8 isn’t to buff or nerf it, but to put it in the correct branch e.g. the Henschel Heavy branch. However it will lose its 88mm gun.
• Centurion tanks won’t get their maximum speed buffed to 48 km/h.
• Storm doesn’t know, why VK3001P wasn’t made a heavy tank too. They’re considering it at the moment.
• Storm states he doesn’t know whether VK6201 is being considered as a Tier V Heavy.
• The A-44 will not get the ZIS-6 107mm gun.
• Storm confirms that the SMS password change confirmation is not working; it’s being fixed.
• The Chaffee will also receive changes in line with the other Tier V Mediums.
• The AMX65t may come in 2014.
• The Foch 155 and T57 Heavy re-balance is planned but details are secret.
• Mines map encounter mode is doing statistically fine.
• Penetration reduction over distance is set for each shell individually.
• Both shells for VK3601 Konisch gun are historically sub-caliber. SerB states that both have sub-caliber normalization, as far as he remembers.
• The only shells with different ricochet angles are HEAT shells.
• SerB states the T50 gets a normal Scout Match Making weight because its significantly better than other Tier IV Light Tanks.
• The BigWorld engine can support moving objects but this would add in another random factor to the game which SerB is against. So it will be done sparingly.
• New features being worked on will be disclosed soon.
• Wargaming was the biggest Belarussian IT export firm for 2012.
• In responses to players being angry with T-50-2 removal? SerB says “How terrible…”.
• The German A7V won’t be implemented for now.
• SerB says “Use the sniper mode” if your aiming circle gets stuck. It’s technically not possible to completely eliminate this problem.
• Kill per battle stats for specific tanks are recorded by Wargaming and they will not publish them.
• The mechanism which would allow players to deselect maps they don’t like and do not want to play was scrapped.
• SerB states that while Wargaming generally doesn’t disclose tank weak points, the SU-100M1 has weak spots on the mantlet, close to the gun.
• The current crew model for the European Branch would restrict crew to the tanks of their respective nations. This could however be changed and it won’t affect or include existing nations crews i.e. a German crew could not be used on an Italian tank.
• 8.8 will see the introduction of the mission system proper.
• The Su-26 won’t be removed.
• The M6A2E1 is a promo tank so it doesn’t get the credit bonus of the other Tier VIII Premiums.
• The 203mm thickness on the M103 is the thickness at the point of the welding. It is thinner at other points.
• Wargaming tested the idea of adding a crew perk that would allow additional ammunition to be carried but it ran into technical problems with crew transfer.
• Havok would allow spent shell ejectors to be implemented.
• There is a planned Tier X Soviet Tank Destroyer but its not being added any time soon.
• SerB states that the SU-100 122mm gun is more historical than the King Tiger’s 105mm, so it won’t be removed.
• The Waffentrager E-100 will have the same maximum speed as the current E-100 as the gearbox is the same.
• A “Gott mit Uns” German inscription won’t be added. Storm claimed it was on SS belt buckles, yet evidence was provided to disprove this.
• Dynamic tank stats will be added, but after the 2nd German Tank Destroyer branch.
• There will be changes in both the German and Soviet branches but no details yet.
• The Superpershing will be changed in 8.8.
• The Tiger 1 will likely receive changes in 8.8 in the form of a maximum speed buff.
• The Chi-Nu Kai, the Japanese Premium, will be available for Super testers in 8.8.
• The Object 430 with a rear mounted turret is being researched.
• The T-34-3 will have the 122mm gun.
• There will be no compensations for VK3001H owners when it goes down a Tier.
• SerB states that you will get the same results whether you play World of Warplanes with mouse/keyboard or joystick.
• It won’t be possible to buy tanks when roaming.
• SerB states the Stalin inscriptions were historical.
• The European office can do what the main Minsk office allows them. SerB thinks that by removing the Stalin inscriptions, they have overstepped their authority, but he personally won’t make an issue out of it.
• “Only such things that won’t directly impact effectiveness in combat” will be on sale for gold in the future.
• “Will tell when the time is right” is the response to Blitz requirements.
• Post-battle repair costs for the gun and tracks are free.
• SerB would like to make a full Soviet Light tank branch but their is no opportunity to do so.
• The Japanese trees will be done “when it’s done.”
• The ballistic trajectory is taken into account when calculating penetration.
• The maximum ballistic trajectory angle does not necessarily correspond to the maximum gun elevation angle.

• World of Warplanes has issues with memory even with 8GB of RAM.
• SerB states that instead of cybersports, his preference would be to allocate the resources to Historical battles, but there are some serious issues with that connected to the fact that some tanks are not as popular and others.
• It was considered to add skills and perk bonuses based on Clan Membership.
• The Batchat 25t won’t be turned into a Tier X Light tank.
• The SK-105 Kürrasier won’t be added to World of Tanks.
• SerB admits that a part of EU/US player base reacted “very roughly” on the whole Stalin inscription controversy.
• SerB states that the Lorraine frontal turret “cut” is not used “probably because of the mantlet”.
• Captured tanks are still planned.
• SerB on the Wittman medal, now that Stalin’s are back: “There is a difference – Wittman was deleted on request by German authorities and we don’t love him as much as to start a conflict with Germany because of him”.
• SerB states that Tier V and VI British SPGs are doing fine statistically, but there hasn’t been enough time to evaluate – if there are some changes – they will come in 8.9.
• The AMX-30 Au.F1s appearance in World of Tanks is “highly unlikely”.
• SerB states that World of Tanks supports quad-core processors. Some additional processes are calculated on auxiliary cores.
• It’s possible that the Lorraine depression can be historically -8. SerB says: “Zlobny knows”.
• Boelters medal was removed because it was decided there is too little difference between 6 and 7 kills.
• Storm states that in 0.8.7 the server ballistics code was not changed as a reaction to an alleged bug, where shells pass through tanks without doing damage.
• “Too many ISU-152′s in battles” is not an issue according to Storm.
• Havok will only add visual changes to the game.
• SerB states that while Havok will impact the game performance, it won’t affect multi core machines The client physics will be calculated on the unused cores.
• Captured vehicles will be Promotional/Premium tanks.
• The one tank SerB took part in creating personally is the T25AT.
• “You’ll see in due time” is SerBs response to the base color of Japanese tanks.
• When in “Performance mode” you won’t see a friend online if he is on another server.
• In respect to addional spaced armour: “It is planned only for tanks which had it in real life. But this can be changed in the future.”
• In respect to the E-10’s camo factor: “Tests will show”.
• The Panzer IIJ penetration won’t be buffed apparently.
• The Sacred Valley map win-rate is “normal”.
• Crew restoration for accounts that have been hacked will be added soon.
• SerB states that in 1945 historical battles, the stock Kingtiger will be roughly balanced to stock ISU-152.
• Unlockable modules for premium tanks won’t be implemented.
• The basic time span for historical battles will be WW2, but other conflicts around it including the Spanish Civil War and Korea are being considered.
• Auto-aim aims at the center of the collision model.
• When calculating the damage for a drowning tanks, it makes no difference if its open top or enclosed.
• Its possible they’ll change the way average and maximum XP is shown without Premium.
• The IS-7 won’t be replaced by another tank.
• The FV215b (120) won’t be replaced by another tank.
• SerB states that Wargaming’s position on the Stalin inscription issue has nothing to do with the Company of Heroes 2 controversy in Russia.
• SerB’s option on Company of Heroes 2 is negative.
• Individual accelerated crew training – that is for individual members – is not planned.
• The option to transfer Free XP to a crew member XP was considered, but scrapped.
• The “firefighting” skill increases the amount of hit-points, by which each damage tick is reduced.
• Dead crew members increase firefighting time.
• Smaller crews don’t quench fires any slower than bigger crews.
• When transferring to another server, the players in a platoon have to dissolve it due to technical limitations.
• SerB won’t comment on what players spend gold on.
• When the Free to Win concept was announced, there was no drop in player spending.
• In respect to the Polish complaints over the Stalin inscriptions: “As is written in the news article, we are very sorry that some players disagree with our position”.
• In respect to questions about the Jagdpanzer E-100 having too low DPM, SerB says: “How terrible…”.
• SerB says: “The system of crew skills was done specifically so that unlocking all the skills/perks on one crew is practically impossible”.
• On fears that the US and EU servers will be filled with Russians during roaming: “There will be a limit. For example, companies with a commander with over 55% win rate. We’ll find a mechanism.”.
• In reference to the lack of loader skills: “A part of loader skills had to be removed”.
• It’s theoretically possible for a shell to enter an open-topped vehicle and ricochet inside the vehicle without doing any damage.
• The Waffentragers will have good depression/elevation.
• White stripes on Soviet tanks will come, but they have low priority.
• Question: “Can I get such tanks as M60/Ob907/Failowe even without Clan Wars?” SerB says: “And what for? For your beautiful eyes? Are you a girl? Even that won’t help however, I am married…”
• The “White Tiger” won’t return.
• New missions? “No comment”.
• New hull modules won’t come until after 9.0, and a long time after that.
• In respect to tanks with ATGMs? “I’ll say it like this, if this comes, it will be in another game”.
• Tanks with machine guns, including anti-aircraft tanks, are not planned. They could potentially crash the server.
• The T-34-3 is armed with a 122mm gun.
• SerB states that the newest tank from the game is approximately from 1965.
• It’s possible that, in the future, the tank terrain resistance won’t be calculated by the middle of the tank but under each track. However, this is a low priority.
• Japanese SPGs will have a shorter range than their peers.
• Will slow tanks suffer on bigger maps? SerB says “Let them suffer”.
• There are plans to change how radios work in preparation for larger maps.
• It’s undecided if roaming is to be a Premium feature or not.
• It’s technically possible to make the ammo-rack explosion damage tanks in the vicinity, but this won’t be implemented.
• The developers are not working on the older renderer.
• Both the Tier VII T-44 with the 85mm gun and Tier VII T-44-122 with 122mm gun will be implemented.
• AMX-13/105 in World of Tanks? SerB says “Not for now”.
• Rocket and flamethrower tanks are planned despite the FAQ saying otherwise.
• The mechanism that prevents you being the bottom Tier for every match doesn’t always work.
• Question: “Do you plan to allow people make their tank models more unique?” SerB says: “Yes, for a hundred thousand dollars, it will be possible to switch the model of the tank to a model of a pony”.
• There is a candidate for a Chinese Tier VII Tank.
• SerB states that the person who actually personally spoke against the removing of Stalin decals was the Wargaming CFO.
• Numbers on the side of tanks is planned however players cannot select them.
• A server in Africa is not planned.
• SerB on e-sports: “I consider e-sport not to be the best use of our resources. But since the e-sport policy has been chosen as a result of discussions – I wish the e-sport good luck. We will develop it up to and beyond the currently announced plans.”.
• If rockets are added as an additional module, they’ll have an effect on the tanks performance due to increased weight etc.
• The first version of the Japanese tree won’t have the amphibious tanks.
• The FV301 British Light tank might be implemented.
• There are not enough Tank Destroyers for a 3rd branch.
• The M8 Scott won’t become US premium SPG.
• The Panzer V/IV model won’t be reworked anytime soon.
• Question: “Why does LTP suck so much?” SerB says: “And of course you gave a Rolls Royce to your friends on your birthday?”.
• The balance of the low Tier Premium vehicles such as Tetrarch and Hotchkiss are monitored, but it is changed only if the need is extremely urgent.
• According to SerB, Wargaming deals with bots “normally” and their number is not growing.
• Question: “Will you remove huge weak-spots from tanks?” SerB says: “Don’t play tanks with huge weak-spots”.
• 3x3km maps? “When it’s done it’s done”.
• SerB on laptop-series Radeons and the 0.8.7 FPS drops: “With Radeons it’s generally complicated. Something is being done, but no guarantees”.
• Low Tier Premium tanks are designed to make the grind easier for newer players.
• SerB states that World of Tanks does have influence on how players view history.
• Destroying the house, behind which the enemy is hiding, will not be considered as an “assist”. SerB says: “Oh Cthulhu, what greedy children have we dragged here!”.
• There was a project to mount the BL-9 on the IS3.
• Question: “I will spam ‘For Stalin!’ when I go to EU server using roaming!” SerB says: “Your country will hugely benefit from that and without any doubt you will protect our history from the attacks of revisionists!”. SerB says this ironically.
• Question: “I have seen a WoT screenshot where the loader destroyed the tank by dropping the shell on the ground. Under what conditions can that happen?L” SerB says: “This is a special feature, used for punishing players by the game administrators. Another one is that the tank commander can shoot any of the crew members in the head with his pistol, the driver can intentionally drown the tank in a river, radioman can send the tank coordinates to the enemy artillery and the gunner might fire into the allies.”.
• “Everything is possible, errors are not out of the question.”.
• The KwK 44 L/70 gun was not any more powerful than the KwK 42.
• The KV-122 is historical.
• The E-25 has good view range, because “the optics are good”,
• In respect to top Soviet and German HE shells being expensive, SerB says: “Don’t shoot top tier German and Soviet HE shells”.
• Question: “The current Soviet LT branch is ugly, will you fix it?” SerB says: “I am sorry, but Soviet light tank designers from the 40′s cared little for our branch beauty”.
• There was a Wargaming company party to celebrate the 15th anniversary “with different drinks”.
• Its possible the French and Chinese will get a Premium low Tier tank.
• SerB states his longest string of defeats was around 15 in a row.
• SerB says in respect to historical battles: “In War Thunder, it’s possible in historical battles to fly with Dora from 1944 against Mig-15 from the 50′s over Stalingrad. We don’t like this variant, that’s why we are doing more complex system.”
• When counting server win rates,  lowest 10% and highest 10% have no influence on the average win rates. These extremes are disregarded.
• SerB does get team killed and he does ban people for it.
• SerB confirms the initial Japanese branch will be Light and Medium tanks. The Light tank branch will end at Tier V and there will be no post war Light tanks.

So there you have it! Check back at TMC in the near future for our 8.8 preview.

This article originally appeared on TheMittani.com, written by knobber.